Not sure.
There was a change in Necessity two months ago:
https://github.com/freeorion/freeorion/ ... 9ae59ca302
The equation went from ( pop*max(0, 6-stability) )^0.5 to pop*0.02*max(0, 6-stability)^1.5.
And I think by that time there was another change to zeroing output of negative stability planets.
Yes.quarague wrote: ↑Wed Jan 25, 2023 10:31 am So the maximal bonus would be achieved at Stability 0 and that would 0.02*6^1.5=0.294 times population. The base science rate is 0.2 times population and Eaxaw don't get any adjustments to their research output so if I understand the formulas correctly the bonus from Necessity would be at most around 1.5 times the base population rate (unless the species has a reduction to their base rate) and values as in the screenshot where the Necessity bonus is 4 or even 10 times the base rate are impossible in the lastest build. Is that correct?
So using Necessity on an almost zero stability planet grants it +150% PP, or x2.5.
Other early-game research boosts like Nascent AI or Algorithmic gets you around +10%, x1.1.
So it is OP if not considering the stability implications: it's hard to get the right stability mark, and you miss all other boosts that depend on high stability. However, there are few unfocused boosts or RP-focused boosts that can compete with Necessity early to mid game...
I'm still not sure if current implementation is balanced enough.